Devices for space experiments

• Optics – A set of optical components for the instruments of the VEGA-1 and VEGA-2 interplanetary stations (IKI USSR Academy of Sciences), 1987
• Scorpion – An X-ray telescope for the FOBOS interplanetary station (IKI USSR Academy of Sciences), 1988
• PZK – A unit with a precision flat mirror for one of the instruments of the FOBOS interplanetary station (IKI USSR Academy of Sciences), 1988
• Terek – An orientation sensor unit for the solar X-ray telescope of the FOBOS interplanetary station (FIAN USSR Academy of Sciences), 1988

PZK (Phobos) To implement the tasks of spectrometry of Phobos and Mars, scientists from the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and the GDR jointly developed a complex that included two wide-angle and one narrow-angle cameras, a spectrometer and a video storage device. CCD matrices were used as radiation receivers in the television cameras and spectrometer.

Wide-angle cameras provide two-zone imaging of Phobos with a large coverage area, which is necessary for compiling topographic, geological and morphometric maps.

The narrow-angle camera made it possible to obtain images with high spatial resolution, necessary for studying the small-scale structure of the surface of Phobos and was intended to solve navigation problems; detailed survey of the hovering area from synchronous orbit, as well as survey of Mars.

At the entrance of the television cameras, a mirror-cover (PZK) was located, which in the closed position protected the lenses and made it possible to carry out end-to-end photometric calibration of the television cameras from internal radiation sources, and in the open position – the planned survey of Phobos. In two intermediate positions, the optical axes of television cameras were rotated by 75.5 degrees – for panoramic photography of Phobos and by 87 degrees – for shooting Mars and navigation senses.

The TEREK telescope consisted of three blocks: a database sensor block and two electronics blocks. The database included three measuring channels for recording images of the Sun and its corona in three different X-ray wavelength ranges.

During the TEREK experiment, conducted on board the Phobos-1 interplanetary station in 1988. For the first time, using the technology of multilayer X-ray optics and detectors based on CCDs and image intensifiers, long-term studies of short-wavelength (VUV) radiation from the Sun were carried out using the method of imaging spectroscopy, as a result of which 150 images of the Sun were obtained in the ranges of 17.5 nm (FeIX-XI lines) and 30.4 nm (HeII line) with an angular resolution of 10-15″ over a period of about 1 solar revolution.

Publications:

• Zhitnik I.A., Ignatiev A.P., Korneev V.V., Krutov V.V., Lomkova V.M., Mitrofanov A.V., Oparin S.N., Pertsov A. .A., Slemzin V.A., Tindo I.P., Tokarchuk D.I., Fotin, Gaponov S.V., Luskin B.M., Salashchenko N.N., Isadzhanyan R.V., Krmoyan M.N., Kishchenko V.M., Telegin A.B., Valnicek B., Gudec R., Rybanski L., Khrenka L., Bernas M., Klima M., Kopecki J.. X-ray telescope TEREK for research Sun on the project “FOBOS”, Proceedings of the FIAN, vol. 195, p. 19-46, 1989
• Sobelman I.I., Zhitnik I.A., Valnicek B., Rybanski M., Bernas M., Gaponov S.V., Gudec R., Ignatiev A.P., Isadzhanian R.V., Kishchenko V.M., Klima M., Kopetski Ya., Korneev V.V., Krasnopolsky O.B., Krmoyan M.N., Krutov V.V., Lomkova V.M., Mitrofanov A.V., Oparin S.N., Peresty R., Pertsov A.A., Salashchenko N.N., Slemzin V.A. , Telegin A.B., Timofeev V.O., Tindo I.P., Urnov A.M., Fotin Yu.N., Khodjayants Yu.M.. Image of the Sun obtained by the X-ray telescope TEREK on KA PHOBOS-1, Letters to the Astronomical Journal, vol.16, No. 4, p.323-329, 1990