{"id":6520,"date":"2024-12-03T21:31:20","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T17:31:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmo.yerphi.am\/?page_id=6520"},"modified":"2024-12-21T18:30:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T14:30:31","slug":"g-a-gurzadyan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cosmo.yerphi.am\/index.php\/g-a-gurzadyan\/","title":{"rendered":"G. A. Gurzadyan"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Professor Grigor Gurzadyan<\/a><\/span>, pioneer of space astronomy, designer of space observatories ORION-1 and ORION-2<\/a><\/span> onboard the first space station SALYUT-1<\/a><\/span> and SOYUZ-13<\/a><\/span>, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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He was postgraduate student of Victor Ambartsumian<\/a><\/span>, being in founding team of the Byurakan Observatory<\/a><\/span>. He headed the Stellar and Nebulae division of the observatory, later became deputy director of the Observatory for Space research. Since 1971 he headed the Garni Laboratory of Space Astronomy (later Institute). Full member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Works<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the 1960s and early 1970s, Gurzadyan headed the ultraviolet and X-ray observations of the Sun at the K-2, K-3, and K-4 Rocket Astrophysical Observatories<\/a><\/span>, launched by R-5 ballistic missiles; the first launch was on February 15, 1961 from the Kapustin Yar military base. His article in the Proceedings of the Armenian Academy of Sciences, XLIII, 28, 1966, \u201cA Powerful X-Ray Flare on the Sun\u201d<\/em> (October 1, 1965) is devoted to the discovery of the strongest solar X-ray flare observed to that time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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In 1970s Gurzadyan began development of orbital space observatories. The Orion-2 observatory<\/a><\/span> (see Orion-1 and Orion-2 Space Observatories<\/em>) was created, with a wide-angle meniscus telescope of the Cassegrain system, which was launched on the Soyuz-13<\/a> spacecraft in December 1973. UV spectra of thousands of stars were obtained, up to the 13th stellar magnitude, the first satellite UV spectrogram of a planetary nebula (IC 2149) was obtained, spectral lines of aluminum and titanium were discovered \u2013 elements previously not observed in planetary nebulae, two-photon radiation of nebulae was detected for the first time. For comparison, the ultraviolet telescope on NASA\u2019s Skylab, which was in orbit at the same time, was able to record stars only up to the 7.5th stellar magnitude. Two years earlier, in April 1971, the first space station, Salyut-1<\/a><\/span>, was launched, carrying Orion-1<\/a><\/span>, the first extra-atmospheric telescope (with a diffraction grating) on \u200b\u200ba manned spacecraft. The results were published in NATURE and other influential journals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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He predicted magnetic fields in planetary nebulae in the 1960s, which were actually discovered only in 2005. He worked on flare stars (predicted negative infrared flares), interstellar matter, binary stars. In the 1990s, he developed the theory of common chromospheres (roundchromes) of close binary stars and the evolution of binary globular clusters.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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His monographs on astrophysical problems published by major publishers (Nauka, Gordon and Breach, Pergamon Press, Springer-Verlag) served as textbooks for generations of scholars.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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For several decades he lectured at the Yerevan State University (theoretical astrophysics, celestial mechanics) and at the Yerevan Polytechnic Institute<\/a> (precision mechanics). He is also known as an original artist and the author of essays on the philosophy of science and art.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Bibliography: monographs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n