Scientific supervisor \u2013 G. Gurzadyan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The first crew of the space station worked with the observatory: USSR cosmonauts Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsaev, tragically died as a result of the accident of the transport ship SOYUZ-11 during descent from orbit.<\/span><\/p>\n The ORION-1 observatory was designed to obtain photographic spectrograms of stars up to the 5th magnitude in the UV spectral region 2000-3800 \u00c5 with a resolution of 5 \u00c5 (at a wavelength of 2600 \u00c5).<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The UV telescope-spectrograph with a star tracking sensor and other instruments was mounted in a biaxial gimbal and installed outside the station, in a special niche. In the same niche there was also a lock chamber for transporting photocassettes of instruments inside the station after the completion of the observation program.<\/span><\/p>\n Inside the station in front of a special quartz porthole, also in a biaxial tracking suspension, a second spectrograph of the observatory (also located on the tracking platform) was installed.<\/span><\/p>\n In front of another window, a sighting device was placed, with the help of which the astronaut remotely pointed the telescope at the star being studied. This device was a collimator sight mounted in a small biaxial suspension. The axes of this suspension and the corresponding axes of the gimbal suspensions of the telescope and internal spectrograph were connected by tracking systems using angular potentiometric sensors.<\/span><\/p>\n The control panel with the observatory electronics unit was also located inside the station. A Mersen system telescope with a light diameter of the main mirror (silica coated with aluminum) of 280 mm and a secondary mirror with a diameter of 50 mm with an effective focal length of 1400 mm was used in combination with a slitless spectrograph of the Wadsworth system.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The spectrograph used a concave diffraction grating with a curvature of 500 mm and a number of lines of 1200 per 1 mm. A quartz plane-parallel plate was installed in front of the film channel to cut off the second order of the spectrum shorter than 1900 A. The angular scale of the image was 2.5 arc minutes per 1 mm. Spectrograms were recorded on photographic film. There was a mechanism for expanding spectrograms to 0.4 mm.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Optical diagram of the ORION telescope-spectrograph<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n The order of the experiment was as follows:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \n06\/18\/1971 \u2013 6 spectrograms \u03b2 Cen (Agena, 0.69 mag.<\/span>)<\/span><\/span> These are the world’s first ultraviolet spectrograms of stars obtained on board manned spacecraft. Viktor Patsaev is the first person to directly perform astronomical observations outside the atmosphere.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cosmo.yerphi.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/or1-02-1m.jpg\")
<\/a>The ORION astrophysical observatory was launched into orbit on April 19, 1971 as part of the world’s first manned space station SALYUT.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/a>Mersen\u2013Wadsward optical design.<\/span>
\n1 — main mirror D = 280mm<\/span>
\n2 — secondary mirror d = 50mm<\/span>
\n3 — diffraction grating 55 x 50mm (1200 lines\/mm)<\/span>
\n4 — light filter<\/span>
\n5 — movie channel<\/span><\/p>\n
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\n<\/a>Results obtained by the ORION observatory<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\n06\/21\/1971 – 9 spectrograms of \u03b1 Lyra (Vega, 0.05 mag.)<\/span><\/p>\n
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